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 Fragmentation Across the Value Chain

Fragmentation Across the Value Chain

The African Development Bank’s Industrialize Africa initiative identifies value chain fragmentation as a central constraint to industrial growth across the continent. The initiative emphasizes that Africa’s manufacturing sectors, including cotton, textiles, and apparel, are often characterized by weak linkages between…

 Perceived vs Actual Risk

Perceived vs Actual Risk

The OECD’s due diligence framework for responsible business conduct provides a critical lens into how modern investors assess risk across global value chains. A central insight from this guidance is that risk is no longer evaluated solely based on external…